In the midst of World War II, and after the event of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942. This order called for evacuation and relocation of Japanese people living in America including citizens to interment camps. The reason for this order was to prevent possibilities of Japanese spies in the US to send messages to Japanese battleships. These possibilities were mere assumptions. Approximately 1,800 out of 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans were forced into internment. In the Santa Clara county nearly 3,000 Japanese people were forced to leave their homes and possessions in order to move to San Jose State University’s gym where they would wait to be transported out to interment camps all over the country. Many entrusted their possessions to Buddhist and Methodist churches for safekeeping. These internment camps were first established on horse race tracks, fairgrounds and other large areas, and were sometimes shared with other internment groups such as the Italian American and German American internment camps.
Among those that experienced life in the internment camps was Ruth Asawa. When she was 16, she and her family which consisted of her mother and five siblings were taken to the Santa Anita race track in Arcadia, Califfornia. Although the living conditions were crowded, there wasn’t much for her to do, as opposed to the hard work that she had to do on the family farm. She learned art from other internees that worked as animators from the Walt Disney Studios and when she was free she expressed herself artistically. Thanks to the help of the Japanese American Student Relocation Council, a Quaker organization, she only spent eighteen months at the internment camp. The organization made it possible for Asawa to attend college in Milwaukee Wisconsin.
In 1994 the city of San Jose commissioned Asawa to create a Japanese American Interment Memorial which is a cast bronze relief sculpture that sits in front of the Robert Peckham Federal Building in downtown San Jose. The bronze sculpture has many vignettes that depict scenes from the arrival of Japanese immigrants to the events of internment up to the aftermath of the whole ordeal.
I think that the vignettes that depict the arrival of Japanese immigrants and the image of having to take them away on a bus and forced out are compelling. It is the combination of both of these vignettes that is compelling. The arrival vignette depicts curiosity, hope and bravery. It shows the beginning of the Japanese-American culture and the harmony and diversity that the city had. From the position of that image, it spreads out to depict the hard work and achievements they made after arriving. In contrast, the image of the bus that takes them away is positioned in a way that all those achievements the Japanese Americans have made since they arrived are being taken away. Especially since it is at the other end of the memorial, it marks the end of the rights and privileges that they have earned.
There is a possibility that history may repeat itself. It may be possible that a similar situation will happen in the future. But due to the human rights that we have today, if such an event should ever arise then the factors would be quite complex. The reasons will go beyond racial backgrounds, national decent and physical attributes.
sources:
http://www.japantownsanjose.org/history.html
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/630390/posts
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_American_internment
http://www.ruthasawa.com/index.html